Chapter+9

=Chapter 9=


 * __Robert Bork:__** Robert Bork was born on March 1, 1927 in Pittsburg, Pennsylvania. Bork received his bachelor of arts degree from the University of Chicago in 1948, and later entered the university’s law school. He graduated with a juris doctor in 1953. Bork taught at Yale Law School throughout most of the 1960s, and later became a member of the presidential task force on antitrust during President Lyndon B. Johnson’s administration.

Bork was always very conservative, and when member of Johnson’s presidential task force, he developed the concept of “judicial restraint.” This new concept aimed at preventing judged from having the power to create laws.

Throughout the years 1968-1972, Bork was a strong supporter of Richard Nixon’s campaign, believing that Nixon was an informed, intellectual politician. In June, 1973, Nixon appointed Bork solicitor general. The solicitor general controls which cases the government would appeal, and what line of argument it would follow. One of the more important cases in Bork’s career was whether or not Vice President Spiro Agnew could be indicted and tried on criminal charges. Through Bork’s efforts, Agnew resigned from office.

Despite these important accomplishments, Bork is most commonly known for his involvement in the “Saturday Night Massacre” during the Watergate scandal, as he was directly involved in the affair. After the break-in to Democratic Headquarters was discovered, Special Prosecutor Archibald Cox demanded the release of certain tapes from Nixon. Nixon desperately wanted Cox fired for he could not afford to release the tapes. On Saturday, October 20, 1973, Attorney General Elliot Richardson resigned, and Deputy Attorney General William Ruckelshaus was fired after refusing to fire Cox. Bork was next in line to take the Attorney General’s job, so he stepped in and fired Cox, his reasoning being that the president can fire any member of the executive branch. Later, Bork appointed Leon Jaworski as the new special prosecutor, and William Saxbe was brought in as the new Attorney General. Bork returned to solicitor general through the end of President Gerald Ford’s administration.

__**BENJAMIN BRADLEE:**__ Born on August 26, 1921in Boston, MA, was a vice president at-large of //The Washington Post//. As executive editor of the //Post// from 1968 to 1991, he became a national figure during the Presidency of Richard Nixon.

In 1952 Bradlee joined the staff of the Office of U.S. Information and Educational Exchange (USIE), the embassy's propaganda unit. USIE produced films, magazines, research, speeches, and news items for use by the CIA throughout Europe. In his younger years of reporting, like in the 1950's he became close friends with JFK, who was a senator at the time, and toured with him aswell as Nixon on their presidential campaine. He later wrote a book, //Conversations With Kennedy// recounting their relationship during those years. Bradlee was, at this point, Washington Bureau chief for //Newsweek//, a position from which he helped negotiate the sale of the magazine to the //Washington Post// holding company. Bradlee maintained that position until being promoted to managing editor at the //Post// in 1965.

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**__Patrick Buchanan:__**
Patrick Joseph "Pat" Buchanan was born on November 2, 1938 in Washington D.C. Pat was born to a family of 6 brother and 2 sisters, his father William Baldwin Buchanan was a partner at an accounting firm and his mother was a nurse and homemaker. His sister Angela Marie served as U.S. Treasurer under Ronald Reagan. Patrick is of English, German, Scottish, and Irish decent, and his grandfather fought in the Civil war under the confederate army. He studied at Blessed Sacrament School and Jesuit-run Gonzaga College High School. After graduating from Georgetown University he was drafted into the army, but the District of Columbia draft board exempted Buchanan from military service due to reactive arthritis, classifying him as 4-F. He then received his master’s degree in Journalism in 1962. He then married Shelley Ann Scarney, a White House staffer, in 1971. He opposes gay-rights, abortion, equal rights for women, and affirmative action. Buchanan opposed both invasions of Iraq and seems to have much concern for working peoples issues, like declining wages and lost jobs among blue-collar workers. He supports the legalization of medical marijuana, and won a 2005 award for "progressive thinking", as he put two articles exposing animal cruelty on The American Conservative's cover. Patrick Buchanan is an American conservative political commentator, syndicated columnist, author, politician and broadcaster. He was the original host on CNN’s Crossfire, and was a senior adviser to the American Presidents Ronald Reagan, Richard Nixon, and Gerald Ford.

He went for Republican presidential nomination in 1992 and 1996, as well as the 2000 presidential election when he ran of the Reform Party. He is now a commentator on MSNBC including the show “Morning Joe” and “The McLaughlin Group”. Patrick co-founded “The American Conservative Magazine” and has also published in “Human Events”, “National Review”, “The Nation”, and “Rolling Stone”. As hired for Nixon’s executive assistant in 1966, he wrote many of Nixon’s better speeches. Buchanan was involved with Nixon's famous "dirty tricks" because of his ideas of using IRS audits against peace activists, left-leaning organizations, and other groups that Nixon opposed. As Watergate progressed Buchanan frantically urged Nixon to burn the secret White House tapes, which were later found to include an odd 18-minute gap.

Before the Senate Watergate committee in 1973, he was asked," Were you or were you not aware of Republican plans to covertly spy on and disrupt the 1972 Democratic Convention in Miami Beach?" Buchanan replied, "Was I aware of any? No, I was not aware of any. I would trust we had some intelligence people down at Miami Beach to see how they handled their convention ... but this was not my function." In a 1972 memo to Attorney General John Mitchell and White House Chief of Staff H. R. Haldeman, Buchanan gave detailed direction of how these covert operations should be carried out; therefore his testimony at the Senate was a complete lie.

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BENJAMIN BRADLEE / PAT BUCHANAN